INDUSTRIAL HEMP (Cannabis sativa) Component 2
Canadian Regulations
The passage of Bill C-8 in June 1996, resulted in the modification of the Canadian Drug Act decriminalizing the low () 9 tetrahydrocannabinol) ) 9 THC Cannabis, industrial hemp. The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) came into force on Might 14 1997 replacing the Narcotic Control Act and Parts III and IV of the Food and Drugs Act and was published in March 12, 1998 (Health Canada 1998) to permit the commercial cultivation of industrial hemp in Canada. This put into spot the suitable regulations for commercial industrial hemp production for fibre and grain in Canada for potential growers, researchers and processors. Thus, in 1998, industrial hemp was again legally grown beneath the new regulations as a commercial crop in Canada. These regulations permit for the controlled production, sale, motion, processing, exporting and importing of industrial hemp and hemp products that conform to circumstances imposed by the regulations. The harvested hemp straw (totally free from foliage) is no regarded as a controlled substance. However, any harvested industrial hemp grain is deemed a controlled substance until denatured. For that reason appropriate licenses ought to be obtained from Wellness Canada for acquire/movement of any viable seed, commercial field production (over 4 hectares), investigation and processing of viable grain. Any food merchandise processed from industrial hemp seed must not exceed 10 ppm of delta 9 THC.
Health Canada is preparing a new draft for the assessment of the current Industrial Hemp Regulations (Well being Canada, 2001). To date this has not occurred. Speculations about new proposed regulation adjustments include clauses about volunteers, the status and disposal of “hemp dust”, and a new, lower level of allowable delta 9 THC in hemp grain and derivatives. Wellness Canada is also anticipated in producing modifications to food labeling laws, all of which will have some positive impact on the marketing and advertising of industrial hemp. To date only the state of Hawaii has had licensed analysis activities in the United States and no other legal analysis or production exists in any other US states due to opposition by the federal government.
As of January 1, 2000, all seed planted for the production of industrial hemp in Canada need to be of pedigreed status (certified, or much better). This means that seed can no longer be imported from countries that are not members of a single of the Seed Certification Schemes of which Canada is a member. Canada is a member of two schemes the Organization for Economic Cooperation and the Development Seed Scheme administered by the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies. Most of the seed of approved hemp fibre and seed varieties to be cultivated in Canada is of European varieties and is still created in Europe requiring importation. Numerous European varieties have been licensed for seed production below private contracts in Canada. The 1st registered and licenced monoecious early grain range (ANKA), bred and developed in Canada by Industrial Hemp Seed Development Firm was commercially created in Kent County, Ontario, in 1999. Certified seed availability of Well being Canada approved varieties is published by Wellness Canada every year. Therefore seed expense and availability will continue to be a key production price (about 25-30%) till a viable industrial hemp certified seed production business is established in Canada. At this time the following are Canadian bred, registered and certified varieties sold in Canada: ANKA (monoecious/dual purpose), Carmen (dioecious/fibre), Crag (dioecious/grain) and ESTA-1 (dioecious/grain).
delt 9 THC Management
The Cannabis genus is the only recognized plant in the plant kingdom that prduces Cannabinoids. The produced resin (psychoactive) is characterized in North America as marijuana. The Spanish introduced marijuana into the Americas in the 16th century. The well-recognized term, “marijuana”, originated from the amalgamation of two Spanish abbreviations: “Rosa-Mari-a” and “Juan-IT-a” frequent users of the plant at that time. By assimilation, the name “marijuana” in North America refers to any part of the Cannabis plant or extract there from, deemed inducing psychic reaction in humans. Sadly the reference to “marijuana” often erroneously contains industrial hemp. The dried resinous exudate of Cannabis inflorescence is known as “hashish”. The highest glandular resin exudation happens throughout flowering.
Modest and Cronquist (1976), split the classification of Cannabis sativa into two subspecies: C. sativa subsp. sativa and C. sativa subsp. indica (Lam.) E. Modest & Cronq. on the basis of less and higher than .3% (dry weight) of delta 9 THC in the upper (reproductive) element of the plant respectively. This classification has considering that been adopted in the European Community, Canada, and parts of Australia as the dividing line between cultivars that can be legally cultivated below license and types that are considered to have too high a delta 9 THC drug prospective.
Only cultivars with .3% delta 9 THC levels or much less are approved for production in Canada. A list of approved cultivars (not based on agricultural merits but merely on basis of meeting delta 9 THC criteria) is published annually by Well being Canada). A Canadian industrial hemp regulation system (see Industrial Hemp Technical Manual, Health Canada 1998) of rigidly monitoring the delta 9 THC content material of commercial industrial hemp within the growing season has restricted hemp cultivation to cultivars that consistently maintain delta 9 THC levels beneath .three% in the plants and plant parts.
Environmental effects (soil characteristics, latitude, fertility and climatic stresses) have been demonstrated to impact delta 9 THC levels like seasonal and diurnal variations (Scheifele et al.1999 Scheifele and Dragla 2000 Modest 1979, Pate 1998b). The range of delta 9 THC levels within low-delta 9 THC cultivars (< or = 0.3%) under different environmental effects is relatively limited by the inherent genetic stability (Scheifele et al. 1999 Scheifele & Dragla 2000). A few cultivars have been eliminated from the "Approved Health Canada" list because they have on occasion been identified to exceed the 0.3% level (Kompolti, Secuieni, Irene, Fedora 19, Futura) and Finola (FIN 314) and Uniko B are presently under probation because of detected elevated levels. Most of the "Approved Cultivars" have maintained relatively consistent low levels of delta 9 THC.
Hemp vs. Marijuana: Joseph W. Hickey, Sr., executive director of the Kentucky Hemp Growers Cooperative Association, is quote: "Calling hemp and marijuana the same thing is like calling a rottweiler a poodle. They may both be dogs, but they just arent the same". Health Canadas fact sheet on Regulations for the Commercial Cultivation of Industrial Hemp states: "Hemp usually refers to varieties of the Cannabis sativa L. plant that have a low content of delta-9 THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and that are generally cultivated for fibre. Industrial hemp should not be confused with varieties of Cannabis with a high content of THC, which are referred to as marijuana". The leaves of industrial hemp and marijuana look similar but hemp can be readily distinguished from marijuana from a distance. The cultivation of marijuana consists of one to two plants per square meter and industrial hemp is cultivated in stands of 100 to 250 plants per square meter and plant characteristics are quite distinctively different (due to selective breeding). The established limits for THC content in the inflorescence of industrial hemp at time of mid pollen shedding is 0.3% (less than 1%) whereas levels of THC in marijuana are in the 10 to 20% range.
Present industrial hemp breeding programs apply strict screening at the early generation breeding level selecting only genotypes with less than 0.3% THC and then select for high fibre, stalk, grain quality and yield
It is impossible to "get high" on hemp. Hemp should never be confused with marijuana and the genetics for THC and Cannabinoid levels in hemp cannot be reversed even though over several generations of multiplication will creep into higher levels by several percentages, but never into marijuana levels. Feral hemp in Ontario, which has been under self propagation for 100 years or more has been tested (Baker 2003) and demonstrated to be very stable at <0.2% THC.
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