Rio Twenty Is Working Hard to Reach Agreement
Tow levels work by Rio+20:
First, the very visible, were the country blocs that negotiated its draft political declaration and worked to protect jaw crusher what they think are their national interests. The result was a document with the lowest common denominator, so low as to lose most of its teeth.
Second, and not so visible, were the sectoral interest groups that sought to include their agenda in the declaration. They have had mixed success. The biggest gain has been the pledge to protect mountain ecosystems.
Poorer countries wanted concessional access to patented green technologies. Richer countries said they could not interfere with intellectual property rights. Richer countries wanted the world to move to national accounting systems where they consider the cost of using air, water, soil and minerals. Poorer countries watered that down because they feared this would open the door to trade protectionism.
The result was a declaration that made many of the right noises, left out some crucial ones, but did not go into specifics in any case. Sustainable development goals, for example, will now have to be negotiated at the UN headquarters over the next two and a half years. And one of the crucial things left out was women’s reproductive rights. Some countries led by religious orthodoxies got that thrown out at the last moment, much to the chagrin of the rest of the world. Another crucial missing piece is a commitment to protect life in international waters. Some countries got that thrown out on the technicality that it was being discussed in another UN forum.
Among the welcome noises, the resolution talks of the need to involve civil society and businesses in sustainable development without getting into specifics. It does the same with the green economy, the matter of upgrading the UN Environment Programme, food and water security, and a long list of other areas: energy, tourism, transport, urbanisation, health, population, employment, disaster risk reduction, climate change, protecting forests and biodiversity, combating desertification, land degradation and drought, protecting mountain ecosystems and sound management of chemicals and waste. It also talks of the need for sustainable consumption and production, the need to regulate mining more effectively, the need to improve education and gender equity and the need to develop a set of sustainable development goals. stone production line:http://www.crusher-machine.com/stone-production-line.html
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These are the areas over which international agencies and NGOs have been lobbying for months and years. For example, the Kathmandu-based International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) has been working for more than two years to “get some paragraphs on protecting mountain ecosystems into this text”, as an ICIMOD insider put it. David Molden, the head of ICIMOD, told me he was satisfied with the paragraphs, though he would have been happier with a stronger statement.
The section now reads: “We recognise that the benefits derived from mountain regions are essential for sustainable development. Mountain ecosystems play a crucial role in providing water resources to a large portion of the world’s population; fragile mountain ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, deforestation and forest degradation, land use change, land degradation, and natural disasters; and mountain glaciers around the world are retreating and getting thinner with increasing impacts on the environment and human wellbeing.
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